The purpose of this descriptive research was to study the budget and financial management of basic education institutions in current and optimal situations, and to develop a future budget and financial management model for basic education institutions. Target populations were the Bureau of Policy and Planning; Office of the Basic Education Commission (1 bureau), the Budget Unit; Office of the Basic Education Commission (1 unit), 226 Basic Education Services Areas, and 30,498 schools as Basic Education Institutions. The samples are 926 persons, and informants are 581 persons (1 bureau or 1 unit or 1 area or 1 school = 1 person). The research tools are questionnaire, model review and evaluation form, and focus groups. Statistics used in this research are arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and percentage. The study found that the action level in budget and financial management of basic education institutions by Basic Education Services is high (X = 3.85, S.D. = 0.62), followed by Basic Education Commission (X = 3.62, S.D = 0.58), and by school (X = 3.52, S.D = 0.63) respectively. Budget and financial management of basic education institutions in an optimal situation found that Basic Education Commission, Basic Education Services and schools want to have the action level of budget and f inancial management of basic education institutions by school in highest level (X = 4.97, S.D. = 0.17, PNI modified = 0.41), followed by Basic Education Services (X = 0.79, S.D. = 0.72, PNI modified = -0.80), and by Basic Education Commission (X = 0.70, S.D. = 0.65, PNI modified = -0.81) respectively. A suitable and useful development future budget and financial management model for a basic education institution is the "School-Based Budgeting and Financial Management Model for Basic Education Institutions,” which is composed of three elements: 1. Increasing the action level of budget and financial management of basic education institutions by the school and empowering the deputy director of the school with the budget and financial management. 2. Decreasing the action level of the budget and financial management of basic education institutions by the Basic Education Commission and providing a budgeting staff in order not to involve teachers for budget and financial responsibilities. 3. Decreasing the action level of budget and financial management of basic education institutions by the Basic Education Services and providing budgeting staff in order to reduce teacher involvement with budget and financial preparation.