The objectives of the study are to investigate the current status of production and marketing of sugar cane in Thailand from the production year of 1976/77 to present, to identify the factors affecting supply of sugar cane in Thailand and to suggest the means and ways for developing production and marketing of sugar cane in Thailand. The supply equations of sugar cane were estimated by ordinary least squares method. On the supply side,the supply of sugar cane was divided into two equations 1 planted area and yield per rai equations. The estimated results showed that the current planted area of sugar cane in every region was depending on its planted area in the previous year, the planted area of sugar cane for the last two years and the admitted purchasing price of sugar mill for the previous year. From the study showed that the elasticity of the current planted area of sugar cane for the whole country with respect to the changing of its planted area in the last two years was -0.2652. For the short run and long run elasticity of the current planted area for the whole country with respect to the changing of the admitted purchasing price of sugar mill for the previous year were 0.3332 and 1.8655 respectively. The elasticity of the current planted area of sugar cane with respect to the changing of its previous planted area in the eastern region was the highest of 1.1039. Next, in the central, northern and northestern regions were 1.0869, 1.0048 and 0.9703 respectively. The elasticity of the current planted area of sugar cane with respect to the changing of the planted area for the last two years in the eastern, central, northern and northeastern regions were 0.2881, -0.2806, -0.2366 and -0.2220 respectively. The short run elasticity of the current planted area of sugar cane with respect to the previous changing of the admitted purchasing price of sugar mill in the eastern region was the highest of 0.5856. Then in the northeastern, northern and central regions were 0.5608, 0.4780 and 0.1552 respectively. The long run elasticity of the current planted area of sugar cane with respect to the previous changing of the admitted purchasing price of sugar mill in the eastern region was the highest of 3.2785.Then in the northeastern,northern and central regions were 3.1399, 2,6765 and 0.8692 respectively. In case of yield per rai,the results showed that the current yield per rai in every region was depending on the admitted purchasing price of sugar mill in the previous year, the total current rain quantity in the planted areas of sugar cane provinces and the total current chemical fertilizer quantity in the planted areas of sugar cane. The elasticity of the current yield per rai of sugar cane for the whole country with respect to the the changing of the admitted purchasing price of sugar mill i the previous year was 0.4097, with respect to the total current rain quantity in the planted area of sugar cane was 0.2799 and respect to the total current chemical fertilizer quantity was 0.1314. The elasticity of the current yield per rai of sugar cane with respect to the admitted purchasing price of sugar mill in the previous year in the northeastern region was the highest of 0.4404. Then, in the northern, eastern and central region were 0.4340, 0.3942 and 0.3772 respectively. The elasticity of the current yield per rai of sugar cane with respect to the changing of the total current rain quantity in the northern region was the highest of 0.3939. Then, in the central, eastern and northeastern regions were 0.2977, 0.2257 and 0.2049 respectively. The decrease the planted areas of sugar cane, the government should arrange the specific planted areas by considering the appropriate environment, such as setting the planted areas close to the sugar mill with good transportation. In addition, the government should also consider the suitable production capacity of the sugar mill. To increase the yield per rai, the government should development the irregation areas for the planted areas of sugar cane. Moreover, the government should promote to researching and developing the quality of sugar cane as well as the product efficiency technique in order to educate farmers for the right production process and pursue them to consider in improving the high yield per rai of sugar cane rather than expanding only the planted areas.