Translation is the conversion of one language into another language. It is a complex language activity. Linguists believe that translation theories are parts of linguistics. It is the study of a conversion relation between source language and target language. Based on the specific examples, this thesis proceeds a comparative research on the Chinese and Thai translation, to reveal the influences of national culture. In the study of relationship between translation and culture, this thesis will pay attention to universality and individuality, to seek similarities from differences and to seek differences from similarities, and explain the reasons. An aim is to discover and analyze the phenomena and inner rules of Chinese and Thai translation from two countries' broad cultural contexts. The research mainly uses the methodologies of cultural linguistics and comparative linguistics. This thesis consists of following chapters：Chapter one is a general introduction of the thesis. Firstly, it discusses the research's purposes and significances. Secondly, it summarizes the current situations of comparative studies in terms of translation in China and Thailand，and introduces the relevant research results. Thirdly, it clarifies the research approaches and theories, the material sources, the research contents and scope, the innovation points and research steps of the thesis.Chapter two compares the structures of Chinese and Thai translation. Due to the different grammatical structures and expressions of Chinese and Thai languages, in the process of translation, we should use relevant theories to adjust the translation.Chapter three analyzes Chinese loanwords translation in Thai.Chapter four is a comparative study of Chinese and Thai vehicles based on the examples from a literature. Among the figures of speech appeared in literatures, which have the highest frequency of occurrence, analogy is one of them. The vehicles appear in literatures in most cases reflect the national cultures of the authors. Literary translation, therefore, is not only interlingual communication but also intercultural communication. Cultural differences will inevitably bring about a certain degree of difficulty to a translator. If the translator puts aside the cultural considerations of a target language, simply translates the vehicles in accordance with literal meanings, is bound to lead to misunderstanding. We should accurately grasp the cultural connotations of vehicles, then explore a suitable translation method according to the translation requirements. The objects of the study in this chapter is a Thai original version and a Chinese translation version of "Four Dynasties", by listing out all analogies in the original version and the translation version first, then categorizes them according to the translation methods, which are domesticating translation and foreignizing translation, finally explores the cultural transformations during the processe of intertranslation between Chinese and Thai vehicles, at the same time, analyzes the impact of cultural factors on the translation.